Literals

boolean result = true;

char capitalC = 'C';

byte b = 100;

short s = 10000;

int i = 100000;

>> You may have noticed that the new keyword isn't used when  initializing a variable of a primitive type.

>> Primitive types are special data  types built into the language; they are not objects created from a class.

>> A  literal is the source code representation of a fixed value;

>> literals  are represented directly in your code without requiring computation

The integral types (byte, short,  int, and long) can be expressed using decimal, octal,  or hexadecimal number systems. 

int decVal = 26;  // The number 26, in decimal

int octVal = 032;  // The number 26, in octal

int hexVal = 0x1a; // The number 26, in hexadecimal

double d1 = 123.4;

double d2 = 1.234e2;  // same value as d1, but in scientific notation

float f1  = 123.4f;

The Java programming language also supports a few special escape sequences  for char and String literals:

\b  (backspace),

\t (tab),

\n (line feed),

\f  (form feed),

\r (carriage return),

\" (double quote), 

\' (single quote),

and \\ (backslash).

>> There's also a special null literal that can be used as a value  for any reference type. There's also a special null literal that can be used as a value  for any reference type. null may be assigned to any variable,  except variables of primitive types. may be assigned to any variable,  except variables of primitive types.

>> Therefore,  null is often used in programs as a marker to indicate that some  object is unavailable.

>> There's also a special kind of literal called a class  literal, formed by taking a type name and appending ".class";  for example, String.class. This refers to the object (of type  Class) that represents the type itself.